When where and in what way of life on earth originate? is a question that continues to tempt the scientists.
Various theories of the origin of life have been compiled by experts but no single theory satisfactorily accepted by all parties.
Theories about the origin of life ever devised by experts include:
1. Life is created by a supernatural agent (Ghalib) at a special (unique creation theory)
2. Life arose from inanimate matter on numerous occasions (the theory of spontaneous generation)
3. Life does not origin (steady state)
4. Life on this planet come from anywhere (kosmozoan theory)
5. Life emerged based on the laws of physics-chemical (biochemical evolution)
We will discuss the theory no. 2 (theory of spontaneous generation) and the theory no. 5 (biochemical evolution).
The theory of spontaneous generation
Also called abiogenesis theory of the vanguard of a philosopher Aristotle's ancient Greece (384-322 BC) who argued that living things just happen this opinion continues to survive until age 17 -18 kc Leenwenhoek Anthony van (18th century) succeeded in making a microscope and see microorganisms in the water soaked straw Leeuwenhoek invention (one of the adherents of the theory of abiogenesis) to strengthen the theory proves the theory of spontaneous generation of living creatures from inanimate objects (microorganisms from the water soaked jerarni).
Some experts seek to conduct research to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation, among others Franscesco Redi, Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur.
Redi and Spallanzani experiment is still not able to subvert the theory of spontaneous generation because in the opinion of the proponents for the theory that life can arise spontaneously from inanimate matter is necessary lifestyle and lifestyle on Redi and Spallanzani experiment can not perform its function because the jar tightly clogged and flasks experiments -meeting.
Pasteur tried to fix Spallanzani experiment with a swan neck-shaped glass tube or the letter S to cover pumpkin pumpkin though clogged air as a "source of life-style" can get into the flask. With this experiment Pasteur succeeded in overthrowing the theory of spontaneous generation
Chemical Evolution
Explain that the formation of organic compounds occur in stages starting from bereaksinya inorganic materials contained in the primitive atmosphere by lightning energy to form complex organic compounds.
Stanley Miller tried to simulate the atmospheric conditions in a laboratory scale primordial. He designed the tool as shown in the picture below.
tube miller
tube miller
Miller entered the gas H2, CH4 (methane), NH3 (ammonia) and water into the appliance. Water is heated so that the water vapor mixes with the gas earlier. As an energy source that acts as a "thunderbolt" to gases and water vapor react, used beatings high voltage electricity. It turned out that reaction, formed organic compounds such as amino acids, simple sugars such as adenine and ribose.
The experimental results above indicate that the complex units in kehidupam systems such as lipids, sugars, amino acids, nucleotides can form under abiotic conditions. The main problem is not yet able terjawabnya how the mechanism of transition metal complexes into the simplest living things.
Evolution Biology
Alexander Oparin proposed in the primitive Earth's atmosphere will arise reactions that produce organic compounds with the reagent energy from ultraviolet radiation. Organic compound is a "soppurba" where life could emerge. Organic compounds will eventually form a blob heap (koaservat). Blob heap (koaservat) rich in organic materials form a heap of lipid molecules along the border line koaservat with outside media that are considered as "primitive cell membranes" which gives stability to the koaservat.
Nevertheless Oparin still think it is very difficult to later koaservat already wrapped with a primitive cell membranes was going to be able to produce a "heterotrophic organisms" that can replicate themselves and take nutrients from the "primordial soup" rich in organic materials and explain the transformation of the molecular mechanisms -protein molecules as inanimate matter into living things.
The theory of chemical evolution have been tested through experiments in laboratoriurn, was the theory of biological evolution has not been anyone to test experimentally. Although raised in the theory is correct, it still can not explain from where and by how life arose, because life is not just about the ability of self-replicating cells. Life is more than that is not only biological life, but also the spiritual life that involves morals, ethics, aesthetics and the intelligentsia.
Various theories of the origin of life have been compiled by experts but no single theory satisfactorily accepted by all parties.
Theories about the origin of life ever devised by experts include:
1. Life is created by a supernatural agent (Ghalib) at a special (unique creation theory)
2. Life arose from inanimate matter on numerous occasions (the theory of spontaneous generation)
3. Life does not origin (steady state)
4. Life on this planet come from anywhere (kosmozoan theory)
5. Life emerged based on the laws of physics-chemical (biochemical evolution)
We will discuss the theory no. 2 (theory of spontaneous generation) and the theory no. 5 (biochemical evolution).
The theory of spontaneous generation
Also called abiogenesis theory of the vanguard of a philosopher Aristotle's ancient Greece (384-322 BC) who argued that living things just happen this opinion continues to survive until age 17 -18 kc Leenwenhoek Anthony van (18th century) succeeded in making a microscope and see microorganisms in the water soaked straw Leeuwenhoek invention (one of the adherents of the theory of abiogenesis) to strengthen the theory proves the theory of spontaneous generation of living creatures from inanimate objects (microorganisms from the water soaked jerarni).
Some experts seek to conduct research to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation, among others Franscesco Redi, Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur.
Redi and Spallanzani experiment is still not able to subvert the theory of spontaneous generation because in the opinion of the proponents for the theory that life can arise spontaneously from inanimate matter is necessary lifestyle and lifestyle on Redi and Spallanzani experiment can not perform its function because the jar tightly clogged and flasks experiments -meeting.
Pasteur tried to fix Spallanzani experiment with a swan neck-shaped glass tube or the letter S to cover pumpkin pumpkin though clogged air as a "source of life-style" can get into the flask. With this experiment Pasteur succeeded in overthrowing the theory of spontaneous generation
Chemical Evolution
Explain that the formation of organic compounds occur in stages starting from bereaksinya inorganic materials contained in the primitive atmosphere by lightning energy to form complex organic compounds.
Stanley Miller tried to simulate the atmospheric conditions in a laboratory scale primordial. He designed the tool as shown in the picture below.
tube miller
tube miller
Miller entered the gas H2, CH4 (methane), NH3 (ammonia) and water into the appliance. Water is heated so that the water vapor mixes with the gas earlier. As an energy source that acts as a "thunderbolt" to gases and water vapor react, used beatings high voltage electricity. It turned out that reaction, formed organic compounds such as amino acids, simple sugars such as adenine and ribose.
The experimental results above indicate that the complex units in kehidupam systems such as lipids, sugars, amino acids, nucleotides can form under abiotic conditions. The main problem is not yet able terjawabnya how the mechanism of transition metal complexes into the simplest living things.
Evolution Biology
Alexander Oparin proposed in the primitive Earth's atmosphere will arise reactions that produce organic compounds with the reagent energy from ultraviolet radiation. Organic compound is a "soppurba" where life could emerge. Organic compounds will eventually form a blob heap (koaservat). Blob heap (koaservat) rich in organic materials form a heap of lipid molecules along the border line koaservat with outside media that are considered as "primitive cell membranes" which gives stability to the koaservat.
Nevertheless Oparin still think it is very difficult to later koaservat already wrapped with a primitive cell membranes was going to be able to produce a "heterotrophic organisms" that can replicate themselves and take nutrients from the "primordial soup" rich in organic materials and explain the transformation of the molecular mechanisms -protein molecules as inanimate matter into living things.
The theory of chemical evolution have been tested through experiments in laboratoriurn, was the theory of biological evolution has not been anyone to test experimentally. Although raised in the theory is correct, it still can not explain from where and by how life arose, because life is not just about the ability of self-replicating cells. Life is more than that is not only biological life, but also the spiritual life that involves morals, ethics, aesthetics and the intelligentsia.
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